Индикаторы и стратегии
StrategyMatrixLibLibrary "StrategyMatrixLib"
render_matrix(posStr, digits, bgCol, headBg, headTxt, valCol, valTxt)
Renders a strategy performance matrix (table) using strategy.* and strategy.closedtrades.*
Parameters:
posStr (string) : Table anchor position: "Top Left" | "Top Right" | "Bottom Left" | "Bottom Right"
digits (int) : Decimal places for numeric formatting
bgCol (color) : Background color for non-header cells
headBg (color) : Background for header rows
headTxt (color) : Text color for header rows
valCol (color) : Background for value cells
valTxt (color) : Text color for value cells
Returns: table id The created/updated table ID
SlopeUtilsLibrary "SlopeUtils"
calcSlope(src, atr_series, length)
Calculates a normalized slope based on price change relative to ATR.
Parameters:
src (float) : (series float) The source input (e.g., close).
atr_series (float) : (series float) The ATR value for normalization.
length (simple int) : (simple int) The lookback period for the slope calculation.
Returns: (float) The normalized slope value.
arraysLibrary "arrays"
Supplementary array methods.
method delete(arr, index)
remove int object from array of integers at specific index
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : int array
index (int) : index at which int object need to be removed
Returns: void
method delete(arr, index)
remove float object from array of float at specific index
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : float array
index (int) : index at which float object need to be removed
Returns: float
method delete(arr, index)
remove bool object from array of bool at specific index
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : bool array
index (int) : index at which bool object need to be removed
Returns: bool
method delete(arr, index)
remove string object from array of string at specific index
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : string array
index (int) : index at which string object need to be removed
Returns: string
method delete(arr, index)
remove color object from array of color at specific index
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : color array
index (int) : index at which color object need to be removed
Returns: color
method delete(arr, index)
remove chart.point object from array of chart.point at specific index
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : chart.point array
index (int) : index at which chart.point object need to be removed
Returns: void
method delete(arr, index)
remove line object from array of lines at specific index and deletes the line
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : line array
index (int) : index at which line object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
method delete(arr, index)
remove label object from array of labels at specific index and deletes the label
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : label array
index (int) : index at which label object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
method delete(arr, index)
remove box object from array of boxes at specific index and deletes the box
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : box array
index (int) : index at which box object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
method delete(arr, index)
remove table object from array of tables at specific index and deletes the table
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : table array
index (int) : index at which table object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
method delete(arr, index)
remove linefill object from array of linefills at specific index and deletes the linefill
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : linefill array
index (int) : index at which linefill object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
method delete(arr, index)
remove polyline object from array of polylines at specific index and deletes the polyline
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : polyline array
index (int) : index at which polyline object need to be removed and deleted
Returns: void
method popr(arr)
remove last int object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : int array
Returns: int
method popr(arr)
remove last float object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : float array
Returns: float
method popr(arr)
remove last bool object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : bool array
Returns: bool
method popr(arr)
remove last string object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : string array
Returns: string
method popr(arr)
remove last color object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : color array
Returns: color
method popr(arr)
remove last chart.point object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : chart.point array
Returns: void
method popr(arr)
remove and delete last line object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : line array
Returns: void
method popr(arr)
remove and delete last label object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : label array
Returns: void
method popr(arr)
remove and delete last box object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : box array
Returns: void
method popr(arr)
remove and delete last table object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : table array
Returns: void
method popr(arr)
remove and delete last linefill object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : linefill array
Returns: void
method popr(arr)
remove and delete last polyline object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : polyline array
Returns: void
method shiftr(arr)
remove first int object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : int array
Returns: int
method shiftr(arr)
remove first float object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : float array
Returns: float
method shiftr(arr)
remove first bool object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : bool array
Returns: bool
method shiftr(arr)
remove first string object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : string array
Returns: string
method shiftr(arr)
remove first color object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : color array
Returns: color
method shiftr(arr)
remove first chart.point object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : chart.point array
Returns: void
method shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first line object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : line array
Returns: void
method shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first label object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : label array
Returns: void
method shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first box object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : box array
Returns: void
method shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first table object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : table array
Returns: void
method shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first linefill object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : linefill array
Returns: void
method shiftr(arr)
remove and delete first polyline object from array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : polyline array
Returns: void
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add int to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : int array
val (int) : int object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: int
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add float to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : float array
val (float) : float object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: float
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add bool to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : bool array
val (bool) : bool object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: bool
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add string to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : string array
val (string) : string object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: string
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add color to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : color array
val (color) : color object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: color
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add chart.point to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : chart.point array
val (chart.point) : chart.point object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: chart.point
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add line to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : line array
val (line) : line object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: line
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add label to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : label array
val (label) : label object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: label
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add box to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : box array
val (box) : box object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: box
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add table to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : table array
val (table) : table object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: table
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add linefill to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : linefill array
val (linefill) : linefill object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: linefill
method push(arr, val, maxItems)
add polyline to the end of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from start to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : polyline array
val (polyline) : polyline object to be pushed
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: polyline
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add int to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : int array
val (int) : int object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: int
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add float to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : float array
val (float) : float object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: float
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add bool to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : bool array
val (bool) : bool object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: bool
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add string to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : string array
val (string) : string object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: string
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add color to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : color array
val (color) : color object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: color
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add chart.point to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : chart.point array
val (chart.point) : chart.point object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: chart.point
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add line to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : line array
val (line) : line object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: line
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add label to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : label array
val (label) : label object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: label
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add box to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : box array
val (box) : box object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: box
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add table to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : table array
val (table) : table object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: table
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add linefill to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : linefill array
val (linefill) : linefill object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: linefill
method unshift(arr, val, maxItems)
add polyline to the beginning of an array with max items cap. Objects are removed and deleted from end to maintain max items cap
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : polyline array
val (polyline) : polyline object to be unshift
maxItems (int) : max number of items array can hold
Returns: polyline
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if an int array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : int array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a float array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : float array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a string array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : string array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a bool array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : bool array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a color array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : color array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a chart.point array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : chart.point array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a line array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : line array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a label array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : label array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a box array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : box array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a linefill array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : linefill array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a polyline array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : polyline array
Returns: bool
method isEmpty(arr)
checks if a table array is either null or empty
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : table array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if an int array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : int array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a float array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : float array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a string array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : string array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a bool array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : bool array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a color array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : color array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a chart.point array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : chart.point array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a line array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : line array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a label array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : label array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a box array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : box array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a linefill array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : linefill array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a polyline array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : polyline array
Returns: bool
method isNotEmpty(arr)
checks if a table array is not null and has at least one item
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : table array
Returns: bool
method flush(arr)
remove all int objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : int array
Returns: int
method flush(arr)
remove all float objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : float array
Returns: float
method flush(arr)
remove all bool objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : bool array
Returns: bool
method flush(arr)
remove all string objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : string array
Returns: string
method flush(arr)
remove all color objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : color array
Returns: color
method flush(arr)
remove all chart.point objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : chart.point array
Returns: chart.point
method flush(arr)
remove and delete all line objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : line array
Returns: line
method flush(arr)
remove and delete all label objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : label array
Returns: label
method flush(arr)
remove and delete all box objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : box array
Returns: box
method flush(arr)
remove and delete all table objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : table array
Returns: table
method flush(arr)
remove and delete all linefill objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : linefill array
Returns: linefill
method flush(arr)
remove and delete all polyline objects in an array
Namespace types: array
Parameters:
arr (array) : polyline array
Returns: polyline
bing_CountLibrary "Count"
method comparisonCheck(value1, op, value2)
Namespace types: series int, simple int, input int, const int
Parameters:
value1 (int)
op (string)
value2 (int)
libSchedulerTLDR: This is a lightweight, easy-to-use way to throttle sections of Pinescript v6 scripts, the same as you'd use barstate.isconfirmed or barstate.islast. You can use this for enormous efficiency gains, provided you design your script to handle updates on differing intervals rather than computing everything on each cycle. Usage is easy:
```
import showmethegrail/libScheduler/1 as libScheduler
i_tf_fetch = input.enum(libScheduler.Timeframes.C, "Fetch Interval",
tooltip="Do things just once every interval, default=once per chart timeframe.")
var scheduler = libScheduler.Scheduler.new().init()
if scheduler.every(i_tf_fetch)
// Do stuff
```
That's it. If you need to know more, the code is well-commented.
Combine this with sensible caching, and you can right-size the compute-heavy sections of your script, for better stability and managed use of Pinescript compute quotas. You'll need to know the proper use of var and varip to make the most of this, but I found this effectively replaced a lot of boilerplate in throttling my own scripts.
Sound software engineering, made Pinescript-level easy. That's all.
DeeptestDeeptest: Quantitative Backtesting Library for Pine Script
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█ OVERVIEW
Deeptest is a Pine Script library that provides quantitative analysis tools for strategy backtesting. It calculates over 100 statistical metrics including risk-adjusted return ratios (Sharpe, Sortino, Calmar), drawdown analysis, Value at Risk (VaR), Conditional VaR, and performs Monte Carlo simulation and Walk-Forward Analysis.
█ WHY THIS LIBRARY MATTERS
Pine Script is a simple yet effective coding language for algorithmic and quantitative trading. Its accessibility enables traders to quickly prototype and test ideas directly within TradingView. However, the built-in strategy tester provides only basic metrics (net profit, win rate, drawdown), which is often insufficient for serious strategy evaluation.
Due to this limitation, many traders migrate to alternative backtesting platforms that offer comprehensive analytics. These platforms require other language programming knowledge, environment setup, and significant time investment—often just to test a simple trading idea.
Deeptest bridges this gap by bringing institutional-level quantitative analytics directly to Pine Script. Traders can now perform sophisticated analysis without leaving TradingView or learning complex external platforms. All calculations are derived from strategy.closedtrades.* , ensuring compatibility with any existing Pine Script strategy.
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█ ORIGINALITY AND USEFULNESS
This library is original work that adds value to the TradingView community in the following ways:
1. Comprehensive Metric Suite: Implements 112+ statistical calculations in a single library, including advanced metrics not available in TradingView's built-in tester (p-value, Z-score, Skewness, Kurtosis, Risk of Ruin).
2. Monte Carlo Simulation: Implements trade-sequence randomization to stress-test strategy robustness by simulating 1000+ alternative equity curves.
3. Walk-Forward Analysis: Divides historical data into rolling in-sample and out-of-sample windows to detect overfitting by comparing training vs. testing performance.
4. Rolling Window Statistics: Calculates time-varying Sharpe, Sortino, and Expectancy to analyze metric consistency throughout the backtest period.
5. Interactive Table Display: Renders professional-grade tables with color-coded thresholds, tooltips explaining each metric, and period analysis cards for drawdowns/trades.
6. Benchmark Comparison: Automatically fetches S&P 500 data to calculate Alpha, Beta, and R-squared, enabling objective assessment of strategy skill vs. passive investing.
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█ KEY FEATURES
Performance Metrics
Net Profit, CAGR, Monthly Return, Expectancy
Profit Factor, Payoff Ratio, Sample Size
Compounding Effect Analysis
Risk Metrics
Sharpe Ratio, Sortino Ratio, Calmar Ratio (MAR)
Martin Ratio, Ulcer Index
Max Drawdown, Average Drawdown, Drawdown Duration
Risk of Ruin, R-squared (equity curve linearity)
Statistical Distribution
Value at Risk (VaR 95%), Conditional VaR
Skewness (return asymmetry)
Kurtosis (tail fatness)
Z-Score, p-value (statistical significance testing)
Trade Analysis
Win Rate, Breakeven Rate, Loss Rate
Average Trade Duration, Time in Market
Consecutive Win/Loss Streaks with Expected values
Top/Worst Trades with R-multiple tracking
Advanced Analytics
Monte Carlo Simulation (1000+ iterations)
Walk-Forward Analysis (rolling windows)
Rolling Statistics (time-varying metrics)
Out-of-Sample Testing
Benchmark Comparison
Alpha (excess return vs. benchmark)
Beta (systematic risk correlation)
Buy & Hold comparison
R-squared vs. benchmark
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█ QUICK START
Basic Usage
//@version=6
strategy("My Strategy", overlay=true)
// Import the library
import Fractalyst/Deeptest/1 as *
// Your strategy logic
fastMA = ta.sma(close, 10)
slowMA = ta.sma(close, 30)
if ta.crossover(fastMA, slowMA)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if ta.crossunder(fastMA, slowMA)
strategy.close("Long")
// Run the analysis
DT.runDeeptest()
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█ METRIC EXPLANATIONS
The Deeptest table displays 23 metrics across the main row, with 23 additional metrics in the complementary row. Each metric includes detailed tooltips accessible by hovering over the value.
Main Row — Performance Metrics (Columns 0-6)
Net Profit — (Final Equity - Initial Capital) / Initial Capital × 100
— >20%: Excellent, >0%: Profitable, <0%: Loss
— Total return percentage over entire backtest period
Payoff Ratio — Average Win / Average Loss
— >1.5: Excellent, >1.0: Good, <1.0: Losses exceed wins
— Average winning trade size relative to average losing trade. Breakeven win rate = 100% / (1 + Payoff)
Sample Size — Count of closed trades
— >=30: Statistically valid, <30: Insufficient data
— Number of completed trades. Includes 95% confidence interval for win rate in tooltip
Profit Factor — Gross Profit / Gross Loss
— >=1.5: Excellent, >1.0: Profitable, <1.0: Losing
— Ratio of total winnings to total losses. Uses absolute values unlike payoff ratio
CAGR — (Final / Initial)^(365.25 / Days) - 1
— >=10%: Excellent, >0%: Positive growth
— Compound Annual Growth Rate - annualized return accounting for compounding
Expectancy — Sum of all returns / Trade count
— >0.20%: Excellent, >0%: Positive edge
— Average return per trade as percentage. Positive expectancy indicates profitable edge
Monthly Return — Net Profit / (Months in test)
— >0%: Profitable month average
— Average monthly return. Geometric monthly also shown in tooltip
Main Row — Trade Statistics (Columns 7-14)
Avg Duration — Average time in position per trade
— Mean holding period from entry to exit. Influenced by timeframe and trading style
Max CW — Longest consecutive winning streak
— Maximum consecutive wins. Expected value = ln(trades) / ln(1/winRate)
Max CL — Longest consecutive losing streak
— Maximum consecutive losses. Important for psychological risk tolerance
Win Rate — Wins / Total Trades
— Higher is better
— Percentage of profitable trades. Breakeven win rate shown in tooltip
BE Rate — Breakeven Trades / Total Trades
— Lower is better
— Percentage of trades that broke even (neither profit nor loss)
Loss Rate — Losses / Total Trades
— Lower is better
— Percentage of unprofitable trades. Together with win rate and BE rate, sums to 100%
Frequency — Trades per month
— Trading activity level. Displays intelligently (e.g., "12/mo", "1.5/wk", "3/day")
Exposure — Time in market / Total time × 100
— Lower = less risk
— Percentage of time the strategy had open positions
Main Row — Risk Metrics (Columns 15-22)
Sharpe Ratio — (Return - Rf) / StdDev × sqrt(Periods)
— >=3: Excellent, >=2: Good, >=1: Fair, <1: Poor
— Measures risk-adjusted return using total volatility. Annualized using sqrt(252) for daily
Sortino Ratio — (Return - Rf) / DownsideDev × sqrt(Periods)
— >=2: Excellent, >=1: Good, <1: Needs improvement
— Similar to Sharpe but only penalizes downside volatility. Can be higher than Sharpe
Max DD — (Peak - Trough) / Peak × 100
— <5%: Excellent, 5-15%: Moderate, 15-30%: High, >30%: Severe
— Largest peak-to-trough decline in equity. Critical for risk tolerance and position sizing
RoR — Risk of Ruin probability
— <1%: Excellent, 1-5%: Acceptable, 5-10%: Elevated, >10%: Dangerous
— Probability of losing entire trading account based on win rate and payoff ratio
R² — R-squared of equity curve vs. time
— >=0.95: Excellent, 0.90-0.95: Good, 0.80-0.90: Moderate, <0.80: Erratic
— Coefficient of determination measuring linearity of equity growth
MAR — CAGR / |Max Drawdown|
— Higher is better, negative = bad
— Calmar Ratio. Reward relative to worst-case loss. Negative if max DD exceeds CAGR
CVaR — Average of returns below VaR threshold
— Lower absolute is better
— Conditional Value at Risk (Expected Shortfall). Average loss in worst 5% of outcomes
p-value — Binomial test probability
— <0.05: Significant, 0.05-0.10: Marginal, >0.10: Likely random
— Probability that observed results are due to chance. Low p-value means statistically significant edge
Complementary Row — Extended Metrics
Compounding — (Compounded Return / Total Return) × 100
— Percentage of total profit attributable to compounding (position sizing)
Avg Win — Sum of wins / Win count
— Average profitable trade return in percentage
Avg Trade — Sum of all returns / Total trades
— Same as Expectancy (Column 5). Displayed here for convenience
Avg Loss — Sum of losses / Loss count
— Average unprofitable trade return in percentage (negative value)
Martin Ratio — CAGR / Ulcer Index
— Similar to Calmar but uses Ulcer Index instead of Max DD
Rolling Expectancy — Mean of rolling window expectancies
— Average expectancy calculated across rolling windows. Shows consistency of edge
Avg W Dur — Avg duration of winning trades
— Average time from entry to exit for winning trades only
Max Eq — Highest equity value reached
— Peak equity achieved during backtest
Min Eq — Lowest equity value reached
— Trough equity point. Important for understanding worst-case absolute loss
Buy & Hold — (Close_last / Close_first - 1) × 100
— >0%: Passive profit
— Return of simply buying and holding the asset from backtest start to end
Alpha — Strategy CAGR - Benchmark CAGR
— >0: Has skill (beats benchmark)
— Excess return above passive benchmark. Positive alpha indicates genuine value-added skill
Beta — Covariance(Strategy, Benchmark) / Variance(Benchmark)
— <1: Less volatile than market, >1: More volatile
— Systematic risk correlation with benchmark
Avg L Dur — Avg duration of losing trades
— Average time from entry to exit for losing trades only
Rolling Sharpe/Sortino — Dynamic based on win rate
— >2: Good consistency
— Rolling metric across sliding windows. Shows Sharpe if win rate >50%, Sortino if <=50%
Curr DD — Current drawdown from peak
— Lower is better
— Present drawdown percentage. Zero means at new equity high
DAR — CAGR adjusted for target DD
— Higher is better
— Drawdown-Adjusted Return. DAR^5 = CAGR if max DD = 5%
Kurtosis — Fourth moment / StdDev^4 - 3
— ~0: Normal, >0: Fat tails, <0: Thin tails
— Measures "tailedness" of return distribution (excess kurtosis)
Skewness — Third moment / StdDev^3
— >0: Positive skew (big wins), <0: Negative skew (big losses)
— Return distribution asymmetry
VaR — 5th percentile of returns
— Lower absolute is better
— Value at Risk at 95% confidence. Maximum expected loss in worst 5% of outcomes
Ulcer — sqrt(mean(drawdown^2))
— Lower is better
— Ulcer Index - root mean square of drawdowns. Penalizes both depth AND duration
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█ MONTE CARLO SIMULATION
Purpose
Monte Carlo simulation tests strategy robustness by randomizing the order of trades while keeping trade returns unchanged. This simulates alternative equity curves to assess outcome variability.
Method
Extract all historical trade returns
Randomly shuffle the sequence (1000+ iterations)
Calculate cumulative equity for each shuffle
Build distribution of final outcomes
Output
The stress test table shows:
Median Outcome: 50th percentile result
5th Percentile: Worst 5% of outcomes
95th Percentile: Best 95% of outcomes
Success Rate: Percentage of simulations that were profitable
Interpretation
If 95% of simulations are profitable: Strategy is robust
If median is far from actual result: High variance/unreliability
If 5th percentile shows large loss: High tail risk
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█ WALK-FORWARD ANALYSIS
Purpose
Walk-Forward Analysis (WFA) is the gold standard for detecting strategy overfitting. It simulates real-world trading by dividing historical data into rolling "training" (in-sample) and "validation" (out-of-sample) periods. A strategy that performs well on unseen data is more likely to succeed in live trading.
Method
The implementation uses a non-overlapping window approach following AmiBroker's gold standard methodology:
Segment Calculation: Total trades divided into N windows (default: 12), IS = ~75%, OOS = ~25%, Step = OOS length
Window Structure: Each window has IS (training) followed by OOS (validation). Each OOS becomes the next window's IS (rolling forward)
Metrics Calculated: CAGR, Sharpe, Sortino, MaxDD, Win Rate, Expectancy, Profit Factor, Payoff
Aggregation: IS metrics averaged across all IS periods, OOS metrics averaged across all OOS periods
Output
IS CAGR: In-sample annualized return
OOS CAGR: Out-of-sample annualized return ( THE key metric )
IS/OOS Sharpe: In/out-of-sample risk-adjusted return
Success Rate: % of OOS windows that were profitable
Interpretation
Robust: IS/OOS CAGR gap <20%, OOS Success Rate >80%
Some Overfitting: CAGR gap 20-50%, Success Rate 50-80%
Severe Overfitting: CAGR gap >50%, Success Rate <50%
Key Principles:
OOS is what matters — Only OOS predicts live performance
Consistency > Magnitude — 10% IS / 9% OOS beats 30% IS / 5% OOS
Window count — More windows = more reliable validation
Non-overlapping OOS — Prevents data leakage
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█ TABLE DISPLAY
Main Table — Organized into three sections:
Performance Metrics (Cols 0-6): Net Profit, Payoff, Sample Size, Profit Factor, CAGR, Expectancy, Monthly
Trade Statistics (Cols 7-14): Avg Duration, Max CW, Max CL, Win, BE, Loss, Frequency, Exposure
Risk Metrics (Cols 15-22): Sharpe, Sortino, Max DD, RoR, R², MAR, CVaR, p-value
Color Coding
🟢 Green: Excellent performance
🟠 Orange: Acceptable performance
⚪ Gray: Neutral / Fair
🔴 Red: Poor performance
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█ IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
Data Source: All metrics calculated from strategy.closedtrades , ensuring compatibility with any Pine Script strategy
Calculation Timing: All calculations occur on barstate.islastconfirmedhistory to optimize performance
Limitations: Requires at least 1 closed trade for basic metrics, 30+ trades for reliable statistical analysis
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█ QUICK NOTES
➙ This library has been developed and refined over two years of real-world strategy testing. Every calculation has been validated against industry-standard quantitative finance references.
➙ The entire codebase is thoroughly documented inline. If you are curious about how a metric is calculated or want to understand the implementation details, dive into the source code -- it is written to be read and learned from.
➙ This description focuses on usage and concepts rather than exhaustively listing every exported type and function. The library source code is thoroughly documented inline -- explore it to understand implementation details and internal logic.
➙ All calculations execute on barstate.islastconfirmedhistory to minimize runtime overhead. The library is designed for efficiency without sacrificing accuracy.
➙ Beyond analysis, this library serves as a learning resource. Study the source code to understand quantitative finance concepts, Pine Script advanced techniques, and proper statistical methodology.
➙ Metrics are their own not binary good/bad indicators. A high Sharpe ratio with low sample size is misleading. A deep drawdown during a market crash may be acceptable. Study each function and metric individually -- evaluate your strategy contextually, not by threshold alone.
➙ All strategies face alpha decay over time. Instead of over-optimizing a single strategy on one timeframe and market, build a diversified portfolio across multiple markets and timeframes. Deeptest helps you validate each component so you can combine robust strategies into a trading portfolio.
➙ Screenshots shown in the documentation are solely for visual representation to demonstrate how the tables and metrics will be displayed. Please do not compare your strategy's performance with the metrics shown in these screenshots -- they are illustrative examples only, not performance targets or benchmarks.
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█ HOW-TO
Using Deeptest is intentionally straightforward. Just import the library and call DT.runDeeptest() at the end of your strategy code in main scope. .
//@version=6
strategy("My Strategy", overlay=true)
// Import the library
import Fractalyst/Deeptest/1 as DT
// Your strategy logic
fastMA = ta.sma(close, 10)
slowMA = ta.sma(close, 30)
if ta.crossover(fastMA, slowMA)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if ta.crossunder(fastMA, slowMA)
strategy.close("Long")
// Run the analysis
DT.runDeeptest()
And yes... it's compatible with any TradingView Strategy! 🪄
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█ CREDITS
Author: @Fractalyst
Font Library: by @fikira - @kaigouthro - @Duyck
Community: Inspired by the @PineCoders community initiative, encouraging developers to contribute open-source libraries and continuously enhance the Pine Script ecosystem for all traders.
if you find Deeptest valuable in your trading journey, feel free to use it in your strategies and give a shoutout to @Fractalyst -- Your recognition directly supports ongoing development and open-source contributions to Pine Script.
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█ DISCLAIMER
This library is provided for educational and research purposes. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Always test thoroughly and use proper risk management. The author is not responsible for any trading losses incurred through the use of this code.
key_level_alerts_libLibrary "key_level_alerts_lib"
shouldFireAlertAbove(level, acceptableRange, filterEnabled)
Detects if price crossed above and closed above a level on this bar
Parameters:
level (float) : The price level to check for cross
acceptableRange (float) : The maximum distance from level for close to be considered valid (used when filterEnabled=true)
filterEnabled (bool) : When true, checks that close is within acceptable range above level
Returns: true if price crossed and closed above the level (optionally within acceptable range)
Detection logic:
Condition A: Opened below level AND closed above level (direct cross up)
Condition B: Opened above level, low touched/dipped to level (low <= level), closed above level
shouldFireAlertBelow(level, acceptableRange, filterEnabled)
Detects if price crossed below and closed below a level on this bar
Parameters:
level (float) : The price level to check for cross
acceptableRange (float) : The maximum distance from level for close to be considered valid (used when filterEnabled=true)
filterEnabled (bool) : When true, checks that close is within acceptable range below level
Returns: true if price crossed and closed below the level (optionally within acceptable range)
Detection logic:
Condition A: Opened above level AND closed below level (direct cross down)
Condition B: Opened below level, high touched/spiked to level (high >= level), closed below level
processAlertAbove(level, acceptableRange, currentState, alertEnabled, filterEnabled)
Process "crossed above" alert for a level - fires alert if transitioning from below/unknown to above
Parameters:
level (float) : The price level to check
acceptableRange (float) : The acceptable range threshold for filtering
currentState (int) : Current alert state (-1=below, 0=unknown, 1=above)
alertEnabled (bool) : Whether the alert is enabled
filterEnabled (bool) : Whether to apply acceptable range filtering
Returns: tuple where newState is updated alert state and shouldFire indicates if alert should trigger
State behavior:
- Alert fires when: state was -1 or 0 AND cross above detected AND alert enabled
- State updates to 1 (above) on any cross above
- State updates to -1 (below) on any cross below (resets for next above alert)
processAlertBelow(level, acceptableRange, currentState, alertEnabled, filterEnabled)
Process "crossed below" alert for a level - fires alert if transitioning from above/unknown to below
Parameters:
level (float) : The price level to check
acceptableRange (float) : The acceptable range threshold for filtering
currentState (int) : Current alert state (-1=below, 0=unknown, 1=above)
alertEnabled (bool) : Whether the alert is enabled
filterEnabled (bool) : Whether to apply acceptable range filtering
Returns: tuple where newState is updated alert state and shouldFire indicates if alert should trigger
State behavior:
- Alert fires when: state was 1 or 0 AND cross below detected AND alert enabled
- State updates to -1 (below) on any cross below
- State updates to 1 (above) on any cross above (resets for next below alert)
calculateAcceptableRange(atrValue, acceptableRangePct)
Calculates the acceptable range threshold for alert filtering based on ATR
Parameters:
atrValue (float) : The daily ATR value
acceptableRangePct (float) : The acceptable range percentage (e.g., 85 for 85%)
Returns: The acceptable range threshold in price units
Calculation: oneFullLevel = ATR × 0.24 (24% of daily ATR = one standard key level spacing)
acceptableRange = (acceptableRangePct / 100) × oneFullLevel
getAlertLabelTextSize(sizeStr)
Converts a size string to Pine Script size constant for labels
Parameters:
sizeStr (string) : The size string ("tiny", "small", "normal", "large", "huge")
Returns: The corresponding Pine Script size constant
BoxesLibLibrary "BoxesLib"
isOverlappingBox(_boxes, _top, _bottom)
Parameters:
_boxes (array)
_top (float)
_bottom (float)
isTooCloseBox(_boxes, _top, _bottom, zoneProximityPct)
Parameters:
_boxes (array)
_top (float)
_bottom (float)
zoneProximityPct (float)
createBox(_boxes, _top, _bottom, _leftBarIndex, _color, _txt, _is_breakout, numberLimit, zoneProximityPct, currentClose, isConfirmed)
Parameters:
_boxes (array)
_top (float)
_bottom (float)
_leftBarIndex (int)
_color (color)
_txt (string)
_is_breakout (bool)
numberLimit (int)
zoneProximityPct (float)
currentClose (float)
isConfirmed (bool)
manageBoxes(_boxes, _is_breakout, currentClose, isConfirmed)
Parameters:
_boxes (array)
_is_breakout (bool)
currentClose (float)
isConfirmed (bool)
lib_ephemeris █ PLANETARY EPHEMERIS MASTER LIBRARY
Unified API for calculating planetary positions. Import this single library to access all 11 celestial bodies: Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
Theory: VSOP87 (planets), ELP2000-82 (Moon), Meeus (Pluto)
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
█ QUICK START
//@version=6
indicator("Planetary Ephemeris Demo")
import BlueprintResearch/lib_ephemeris/1 as eph
// Get all planets
sun = eph.string_to_planet("Sun")
moon = eph.string_to_planet("Moon")
mercury = eph.string_to_planet("Mercury")
venus = eph.string_to_planet("Venus")
mars = eph.string_to_planet("Mars")
jupiter = eph.string_to_planet("Jupiter")
saturn = eph.string_to_planet("Saturn")
uranus = eph.string_to_planet("Uranus")
neptune = eph.string_to_planet("Neptune")
pluto = eph.string_to_planet("Pluto")
// Get longitude for each planet (geocentric)
sun_lon = eph.get_longitude(sun, time, true)
moon_lon = eph.get_longitude(moon, time, true)
mercury_lon = eph.get_longitude(mercury, time, true)
venus_lon = eph.get_longitude(venus, time, true)
mars_lon = eph.get_longitude(mars, time, true)
jupiter_lon = eph.get_longitude(jupiter, time, true)
saturn_lon = eph.get_longitude(saturn, time, true)
uranus_lon = eph.get_longitude(uranus, time, true)
neptune_lon = eph.get_longitude(neptune, time, true)
pluto_lon = eph.get_longitude(pluto, time, true)
// Plot all planets
plot(sun_lon, "Sun", color.yellow)
plot(moon_lon, "Moon", color.silver)
plot(mercury_lon, "Mercury", color.orange)
plot(venus_lon, "Venus", color.green)
plot(mars_lon, "Mars", color.red)
plot(jupiter_lon, "Jupiter", color.purple)
plot(saturn_lon, "Saturn", color.olive)
plot(uranus_lon, "Uranus", color.aqua)
plot(neptune_lon, "Neptune", color.blue)
plot(pluto_lon, "Pluto", color.gray)
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█ AVAILABLE FUNCTIONS
Core Data Access:
• string_to_planet(string) → Planet enum
• get_longitude(Planet, time, preferGeo) → degrees [0, 360)
• get_declination(Planet, time) → degrees
• get_speed(Planet, time) → degrees/day
• is_retrograde(Planet, time) → true/false
Planetary Averages:
• get_avg6_geo_lon(time) → 6 outer planets average
• get_avg6_helio_lon(time)
• get_avg8_geo_lon(time) → 8 classical planets average
• get_avg8_helio_lon(time)
Utility:
• normalizeLongitude(lon) → normalize to [0, 360)
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█ SUPPORTED PLANET STRINGS
Works with symbols or plain names (case-insensitive):
• "☉︎ Sun" or "Sun"
• "☽︎ Moon" or "Moon"
• "☿ Mercury" or "Mercury"
• "♀ Venus" or "Venus"
• "🜨 Earth" or "Earth"
• "♂ Mars" or "Mars"
• "♃ Jupiter" or "Jupiter"
• "♄ Saturn" or "Saturn"
• "⛢ Uranus" or "Uranus"
• "♆ Neptune" or "Neptune"
• "♇ Pluto" or "Pluto"
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█ COORDINATE SYSTEMS
Geocentric: Positions relative to Earth (default for Sun/Moon)
Heliocentric: Positions relative to the Sun
Use the preferGeo parameter in get_longitude():
• true = geocentric
• false = heliocentric
Sun and Moon always return geocentric (heliocentric not applicable).
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█ FUTURE PROJECTIONS
Project planetary positions into the future using polylines:
import BlueprintResearch/lib_vsop_core/1 as core
// Get future timestamp (250 bars ahead)
future_time = core.get_future_time(time, 250)
// Calculate future position
future_lon = eph.get_longitude(mars, future_time, true)
Use with polyline.new() to draw projected paths on your chart. See the commented showcase code in this library's source for a complete 250-bar projection example.
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█ OPEN SOURCE
This library is part of an open-source planetary ephemeris project.
Free to use with attribution. MIT License.
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
█ REFERENCES
• Meeus, Jean. "Astronomical Algorithms" (2nd Ed., 1998)
• Bretagnon & Francou. "VSOP87 Solutions" (1988)
• Chapront-Touzé & Chapront. "ELP2000-82" (1983)
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© 2025 BlueprintResearch (Javonnii) • MIT License
@version=6
normalizeLongitude(lon)
Normalizes any longitude value to the range [0, 360) degrees.
Parameters:
lon (float) : (float) Longitude in degrees (can be any value, including negative or >360).
Returns: (float) Normalized longitude in range [0, 360).
string_to_planet(planetStr)
Converts a planet string identifier to Planet enum value.
Parameters:
planetStr (string) : (string) Planet name (case-insensitive). Supports formats: "Sun", "☉︎ Sun", "sun", "SUN"
Returns: (Planet) Corresponding Planet enum. Returns Planet.Sun if string not recognized.
@note Supported planet strings: Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
get_longitude(p, t, preferGeo)
Returns planetary longitude with automatic coordinate system selection.
Parameters:
p (series Planet) : (Planet) Planet to query.
t (float) : (float) Unix timestamp in milliseconds (use built-in 'time' variable).
preferGeo (bool) : (bool) If true, return geocentric; if false, return heliocentric.
Returns: (float) Longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
@note Sun and Moon always return geocentric regardless of preference (heliocentric not applicable).
get_declination(p, t)
Returns planetary geocentric equatorial declination.
Parameters:
p (series Planet) : (Planet) Planet to query.
t (float) : (float) Unix timestamp in milliseconds (use built-in 'time' variable).
Returns: (float) Geocentric declination in degrees, range where positive is north.
@note Declination is always geocentric (no heliocentric equivalent in library).
get_speed(p, t)
Returns planetary geocentric longitude speed (rate of change).
Parameters:
p (series Planet) : (Planet) Planet to query.
t (float) : (float) Unix timestamp in milliseconds (use built-in 'time' variable).
Returns: (float) Geocentric longitude speed in degrees per day. Negative values indicate retrograde motion. Returns na for Moon.
@note Speed is always geocentric (no heliocentric equivalent in library). Moon speed calculation not implemented.
get_avg6_geo_lon(t)
get_avg6_geo_lon
@description Returns the arithmetic average of the geocentric longitudes for the six outer planets: Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Time in Unix timestamp (milliseconds).
Returns: (float) Average geocentric longitude of the six outer planets in degrees, range [0, 360).
get_avg6_helio_lon(t)
get_avg6_helio_lon
@description Returns the arithmetic average of the heliocentric longitudes for the six outer planets: Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Time in Unix timestamp (milliseconds).
Returns: (float) Average heliocentric longitude of the six outer planets in degrees, range [0, 360).
get_avg8_geo_lon(t)
get_avg8_geo_lon
@description Returns the arithmetic average of the geocentric longitudes for all eight classical planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Time in Unix timestamp (milliseconds).
Returns: (float) Average geocentric longitude of all eight classical planets in degrees, range [0, 360).
get_avg8_helio_lon(t)
get_avg8_helio_lon
@description Returns the arithmetic average of the heliocentric longitudes for all eight classical planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Time in Unix timestamp (milliseconds).
Returns: (float) Average heliocentric longitude of all eight classical planets in degrees, range [0, 360).
is_retrograde(p, t)
Returns true if the planet is currently in retrograde motion (geocentric speed < 0) == 0 = stationary.
Parameters:
p (series Planet) : The planet to check.
t (float) : Time in Unix timestamp (milliseconds).
Returns: true if the planet is in retrograde, false otherwise.
lib_vsop87_mercuryLibrary "lib_vsop87_mercury"
Heliocentric and geocentric position calculations for Mercury
using VSOP87 theory. Provides longitude, latitude, radius, speed,
and declination functions.
@author BlueprintResearch (Javonnii)
@license MIT License - Free to use with attribution
@theory VSOP87A (Heliocentric rectangular coordinates)
@accuracy Truncated series (~10-15 terms per series) - arcsecond precision
@time_scale Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia)
@reference Meeus, Jean. "Astronomical Algorithms" (2nd Ed., 1998)
Bretagnon & Francou. "VSOP87 Solutions" (1988)
@showcase Includes commented showcase code with 250-bar future projection.
Uncomment to display Mercury data with polyline projections.
@open_source This library is part of an open-source alternative to
proprietary astronomical libraries. Study, modify, and
share freely. We believe knowledge of the cosmos belongs
to everyone.
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© 2025 BlueprintResearch / Javonnii
Licensed under MIT License
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@version=6
import BlueprintResearch/lib_vsop_core/1 as core
get_helio_lon(t)
Computes Mercury's heliocentric ecliptic longitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_helio_lat(t)
Computes Mercury's heliocentric ecliptic latitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic latitude in radians, range approximately . Note: Returns radians, not degrees.
get_helio_radius(t)
Computes Mercury's heliocentric radius (distance from Sun) using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric radius in astronomical units (AU). Typical range is 0.31-0.47 AU.
get_geo_speed(t)
Computes Mercury's geocentric longitude speed (rate of change over time).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric longitude speed in degrees per day. Negative values indicate retrograde motion (apparent backward movement).
get_geo_lon(t)
Computes Mercury's geocentric ecliptic longitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_geo_ecl_lat(t)
Computes Mercury's geocentric ecliptic latitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic latitude in degrees, range approximately .
get_geo_decl(t)
Computes Mercury's geocentric equatorial declination (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric equatorial declination in degrees, range where positive is north.
lib_vsop87_venusLibrary "lib_vsop87_venus"
Heliocentric and geocentric position calculations for Venus
using VSOP87 theory. Provides longitude, latitude, radius, speed,
and declination functions.
@author BlueprintResearch (Javonnii)
@license MIT License - Free to use with attribution
@theory VSOP87A (Heliocentric rectangular coordinates)
@accuracy Truncated series (~10-15 terms per series) - arcsecond precision
@time_scale Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia)
@reference Meeus, Jean. "Astronomical Algorithms" (2nd Ed., 1998)
Bretagnon & Francou. "VSOP87 Solutions" (1988)
@showcase Includes commented showcase code with 250-bar future projection.
Uncomment to display Venus data with polyline projections.
@open_source This library is part of an open-source alternative to
proprietary astronomical libraries. Study, modify, and
share freely. We believe knowledge of the cosmos belongs
to everyone.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
© 2025 BlueprintResearch / Javonnii
Licensed under MIT License
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@version=6
import BlueprintResearch/lib_vsop_core/1 as core
get_helio_lon(t)
Computes Venus's heliocentric ecliptic longitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_helio_lat(t)
Computes Venus's heliocentric ecliptic latitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic latitude in radians, range approximately . Note: Returns radians, not degrees.
get_helio_radius(t)
Computes Venus's heliocentric radius (distance from Sun) using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric radius in astronomical units (AU). Typical range is 0.72-0.73 AU.
get_geo_speed(t)
Computes Venus's geocentric longitude speed (rate of change over time).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric longitude speed in degrees per day. Negative values indicate retrograde motion (apparent backward movement).
get_geo_lon(t)
Computes Venus's geocentric ecliptic longitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_geo_ecl_lat(t)
Computes Venus's geocentric ecliptic latitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic latitude in degrees, range approximately .
get_geo_decl(t)
Computes Venus's geocentric equatorial declination (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric equatorial declination in degrees, range where positive is north.
lib_elp2000_moonLibrary "lib_elp2000_moon"
get_geo_ecl_lon(T)
Parameters:
T (float)
get_geo_ecl_lat(T)
Parameters:
T (float)
get_obliquity(T)
Parameters:
T (float)
get_declination(T)
Parameters:
T (float)
get_true_node_lon(T)
Parameters:
T (float)
get_true_south_node_lon(T)
Parameters:
T (float)
get_node_declination(T)
Parameters:
T (float)
get_south_node_declination(T)
Parameters:
T (float)
lib_vsop87_marsLibrary "lib_vsop87_mars"
get_helio_lon(t)
Computes Mars's heliocentric ecliptic longitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_helio_lat(t)
Computes Mars's heliocentric ecliptic latitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic latitude in radians, range approximately . Note: Returns radians, not degrees.
get_helio_radius(t)
Computes Mars's heliocentric radius (distance from Sun) using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric radius in astronomical units (AU). Typical range is 1.38-1.67 AU.
get_geo_speed(t)
Computes Mars's geocentric longitude speed (rate of change over time).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric longitude speed in degrees per day. Negative values indicate retrograde motion (apparent backward movement).
get_geo_lon(t)
Computes Mars's geocentric ecliptic longitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_geo_ecl_lat(t)
Computes Mars's geocentric ecliptic latitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic latitude in degrees, range approximately .
get_geo_decl(t)
Computes Mars's geocentric equatorial declination (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric equatorial declination in degrees, range where positive is north.
lib_vsop87_jupiterLibrary "lib_vsop87_jupiter"
get_helio_lon(t)
Computes Jupiter's heliocentric ecliptic longitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_helio_lat(t)
Computes Jupiter's heliocentric ecliptic latitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic latitude in radians, range approximately . Note: Returns radians, not degrees.
get_helio_radius(t)
Computes Jupiter's heliocentric radius (distance from Sun) using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric radius in astronomical units (AU). Typical range is 4.95-5.46 AU.
get_geo_speed(t)
Computes Jupiter's geocentric longitude speed (rate of change over time).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric longitude speed in degrees per day. Negative values indicate retrograde motion (apparent backward movement).
get_geo_lon(t)
Computes Jupiter's geocentric ecliptic longitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_geo_ecl_lat(t)
Computes Jupiter's geocentric ecliptic latitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic latitude in degrees, range approximately .
get_geo_decl(t)
Computes Jupiter's geocentric equatorial declination (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric equatorial declination in degrees, range where positive is north.
lib_vsop87_saturnLibrary "lib_vsop87_saturn"
get_helio_lon(t)
Computes Saturn's heliocentric ecliptic longitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_helio_lat(t)
Computes Saturn's heliocentric ecliptic latitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic latitude in radians, range approximately . Note: Returns radians, not degrees.
get_helio_radius(t)
Computes Saturn's heliocentric radius (distance from Sun) using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric radius in astronomical units (AU). Typical range is 9.02-10.05 AU.
get_geo_speed(t)
Computes Saturn's geocentric longitude speed (rate of change over time).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric longitude speed in degrees per day. Negative values indicate retrograde motion (apparent backward movement).
get_geo_lon(t)
Computes Saturn's geocentric ecliptic longitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_geo_ecl_lat(t)
Computes Saturn's geocentric ecliptic latitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic latitude in degrees, range approximately .
get_geo_decl(t)
Computes Saturn's geocentric equatorial declination (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric equatorial declination in degrees, range where positive is north.
lib_vsop87_uranusLibrary "lib_vsop87_uranus"
Heliocentric and geocentric position calculations for Uranus
using VSOP87 theory. Provides longitude, latitude, radius, speed,
and declination functions.
@author BlueprintResearch (Javonnii)
@license MIT License - Free to use with attribution
@theory VSOP87A (Heliocentric rectangular coordinates)
@accuracy Truncated series (~10-15 terms per series) - arcsecond precision
@time_scale Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia)
@reference Meeus, Jean. "Astronomical Algorithms" (2nd Ed., 1998)
Bretagnon & Francou. "VSOP87 Solutions" (1988)
@showcase Includes commented showcase code with 250-bar future projection.
Uncomment to display Uranus data with polyline projections.
@open_source This library is part of an open-source alternative to
proprietary astronomical libraries. Study, modify, and
share freely. We believe knowledge of the cosmos belongs
to everyone.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
© 2025 BlueprintResearch / Javonnii
Licensed under MIT License
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@version=6
import BlueprintResearch/lib_vsop_core/1 as core
get_helio_lon(t)
Computes Uranus's heliocentric ecliptic longitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_helio_lat(t)
Computes Uranus's heliocentric ecliptic latitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic latitude in radians, range approximately . Note: Returns radians, not degrees.
get_helio_radius(t)
Computes Uranus's heliocentric radius (distance from Sun) using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric radius in astronomical units (AU). Typical range is 18.28-20.09 AU.
get_geo_speed(t)
Computes Uranus's geocentric longitude speed (rate of change over time).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric longitude speed in degrees per day. Negative values indicate retrograde motion (apparent backward movement).
get_geo_lon(t)
Computes Uranus's geocentric ecliptic longitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_geo_ecl_lat(t)
Computes Uranus's geocentric ecliptic latitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic latitude in degrees, range approximately .
get_geo_decl(t)
Computes Uranus's geocentric equatorial declination (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric equatorial declination in degrees, range where positive is north.
lib_vsop87_neptuneLibrary "lib_vsop87_neptune"
Heliocentric and geocentric position calculations for Neptune
using VSOP87 theory. Provides longitude, latitude, radius, speed,
and declination functions.
@author BlueprintResearch (Javonnii)
@license MIT License - Free to use with attribution
@theory VSOP87A (Heliocentric rectangular coordinates)
@accuracy Truncated series (~10-15 terms per series) - arcsecond precision
@time_scale Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia)
@reference Meeus, Jean. "Astronomical Algorithms" (2nd Ed., 1998)
Bretagnon & Francou. "VSOP87 Solutions" (1988)
@showcase Includes commented showcase code with 250-bar future projection.
Uncomment to display Neptune data with polyline projections.
@open_source This library is part of an open-source alternative to
proprietary astronomical libraries. Study, modify, and
share freely. We believe knowledge of the cosmos belongs
to everyone.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
© 2025 BlueprintResearch / Javonnii
Licensed under MIT License
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@version=6
import BlueprintResearch/lib_vsop_core/1 as core
get_helio_lon(t)
Computes Neptune's heliocentric ecliptic longitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_helio_lat(t)
Computes Neptune's heliocentric ecliptic latitude using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic latitude in radians, range approximately . Note: Returns radians, not degrees.
get_helio_radius(t)
Computes Neptune's heliocentric radius (distance from Sun) using VSOP87 theory.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric radius in astronomical units (AU). Typical range is 29.81-30.33 AU.
get_geo_speed(t)
Computes Neptune's geocentric longitude speed (rate of change over time).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric longitude speed in degrees per day. Negative values indicate retrograde motion (apparent backward movement).
get_geo_lon(t)
Computes Neptune's geocentric ecliptic longitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_geo_ecl_lat(t)
Computes Neptune's geocentric ecliptic latitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic latitude in degrees, range approximately .
get_geo_decl(t)
Computes Neptune's geocentric equatorial declination (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian millennia from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_millennia(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric equatorial declination in degrees, range where positive is north.
lib_meeus_plutoLibrary "lib_meeus_pluto"
Heliocentric and geocentric position calculations for Pluto using
Meeus truncated analytical series. Valid ±1 century from J2000.
@author BlueprintResearch (Javonnii)
@license MIT License - Free to use with attribution
@theory Meeus truncated series (not full planetary theory)
@accuracy Arcminute precision within ±1 century of J2000
@time_scale Julian centuries from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_centuries)
@reference Meeus, Jean. "Astronomical Algorithms" (2nd Ed., 1998), Chapter 37
@showcase Includes commented showcase code with 250-bar future projection.
Uncomment to display Pluto data with polyline projections.
@open_source This library is part of an open-source alternative to
proprietary astronomical libraries. Study, modify, and
share freely. We believe knowledge of the cosmos belongs
to everyone.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
© 2025 BlueprintResearch / Javonnii
Licensed under MIT License
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@version=6
import BlueprintResearch/lib_vsop_core/1 as core
get_helio_lon(t)
Computes Pluto's heliocentric ecliptic longitude using Meeus truncated analytical series.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian centuries from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_centuries(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360). Accurate within ±1 century from J2000.
get_helio_lat(t)
Computes Pluto's heliocentric ecliptic latitude using Meeus truncated analytical series.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian centuries from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_centuries(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric ecliptic latitude in degrees, range approximately . Accurate within ±1 century from J2000.
get_helio_radius(t)
Computes Pluto's heliocentric radius (distance from Sun) using Meeus truncated analytical series.
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian centuries from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_centuries(time)).
Returns: (float) Heliocentric radius in astronomical units (AU). Typical range is 29.6-49.3 AU. Accurate within ±1 century from J2000.
get_geo_lon(t)
Computes Pluto's geocentric ecliptic longitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian centuries from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_centuries(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic longitude in degrees, normalized to range [0, 360).
get_geo_ecl_lat(t)
Computes Pluto's geocentric ecliptic latitude (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian centuries from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_centuries(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric ecliptic latitude in degrees, range approximately .
get_geo_decl(t)
Computes Pluto's geocentric equatorial declination (as seen from Earth).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian centuries from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_centuries(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric equatorial declination in degrees, range where positive is north.
get_geo_speed(t)
Computes Pluto's geocentric longitude speed (rate of change over time).
Parameters:
t (float) : (float) Julian centuries from J2000.0 (use core.get_julian_centuries(time)).
Returns: (float) Geocentric longitude speed in degrees per day. Negative values indicate retrograde motion (apparent backward movement).
lib_vsop_coreLibrary "lib_vsop_core"
Foundation library providing core types, evaluators, and utilities
for VSOP87 planetary theory calculations. Required by all planetary
libraries. Includes Earth heliocentric model and Sun geocentric functions.
@author BlueprintResearch (Javonnii)
@license MIT License - Free to use with attribution
@theory VSOP87 (Variations Séculaires des Orbites Planétaires)
@accuracy Truncated series - suitable for financial astrology and education
@time_scale Julian millennia from J2000.0 for VSOP87 planets
Julian centuries from J2000.0 for Moon and Pluto
@reference Meeus, Jean. "Astronomical Algorithms" (2nd Ed., 1998)
Bretagnon & Francou. "VSOP87 Solutions" (1988)
@showcase Includes commented showcase code with 250-bar future projection.
Uncomment to display Sun/Earth data with polyline projections.
@open_source This library is part of an open-source alternative to
proprietary astronomical libraries. Study, modify, and
share freely. We believe knowledge of the cosmos belongs
to everyone.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
© 2025 BlueprintResearch / Javonnii
Licensed under MIT License
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@version=6
get_julian_millennia(time_)
Parameters:
time_ (float)
get_julian_centuries(time_)
Parameters:
time_ (float)
eval_vsop87(terms, t)
Parameters:
terms (array)
t (float)
eval_vsop87_derivative(terms, t)
Parameters:
terms (array)
t (float)
mod360(x)
Parameters:
x (float)
custom_atan2(y, x)
Parameters:
y (float)
x (float)
get_earth_helio_radius(t)
Parameters:
t (float)
get_earth_helio_coords(t)
Parameters:
t (float)
get_obliquity(t)
Parameters:
t (float)
get_earth_helio_lon(t)
Parameters:
t (float)
get_sun_geo_lon(t)
Parameters:
t (float)
get_sun_geo_speed(t)
Parameters:
t (float)
get_sun_decl(t)
Parameters:
t (float)
get_bar_gap_ms()
Get bar interval in milliseconds for current timeframe
Returns: (int) Time interval between bars in milliseconds
get_future_time(current_time, bars_ahead)
Calculate future timestamp for projection plotting
Parameters:
current_time (int) : (int) Current bar time in milliseconds (use built-in 'time')
bars_ahead (int) : (int) Number of bars to project into future
Returns: (int) Future timestamp suitable for xloc.bar_time and chart.point.from_time
is_projection_bar()
Check if current bar is suitable for drawing future projections
Returns: (bool) True on last bar when projections should be drawn
vsop_term
Fields:
amp (series float)
phase (series float)
freq (series float)
MK_FractalLibrary "MK_Fractal"
ResCal(price, degree)
Parameters:
price (float)
degree (float)
SupCal(price, degree)
Parameters:
price (float)
degree (float)
CalcAllLevels(price)
Parameters:
price (float)
FindNearestLevel(current_price, resistances, supports)
Parameters:
current_price (float)
resistances (array)
supports (array)
IsTouchSupport(current_price, supports, tolerance_pct)
Parameters:
current_price (float)
supports (array)
tolerance_pct (float)
IsTouchResistance(current_price, resistances, tolerance_pct)
Parameters:
current_price (float)
resistances (array)
tolerance_pct (float)
GetLevelByDegree(price, degree)
Parameters:
price (float)
degree (float)
GetFormattedLevels(price)
Parameters:
price (float)
