Fair Value Gap [by Oberlunar]Fair Value Gap
This indicator is designed to identify and display Fair Value Gaps (FVG) on the price chart. Fair Value Gaps are areas between candles where the price lacks continuity, leaving a "gap" that can serve as a reference point for price retracements. These zones are often considered important by traders as they represent market imbalances that tend to be "mitigated" (i.e., filled or tested) over time.
Purpose of Publication
This indicator addresses a common gap in FVG indicators. Most existing FVG indicators do not visually distinguish between mitigated (touched) FVGs and those that remain intact. With this indicator:
Mitigated FVGs are clearly displayed with distinct colors, allowing traders to identify which zones have been partially or fully filled by the price.
Unmitigated FVGs remain prominent, representing potential points of interest.
Key Features
Identification of Fair Value Gaps:
A Bullish FVG (upward gap) forms when the high of the three previous candles (candle -3) is lower than the low of the next candle (candle -1).
A Bearish FVG (downward gap) forms when the low of the three previous candles (candle -3) is higher than the high of the next candle (candle -1).
Dynamic Coloring:
Unmitigated FVGs are highlighted with specific colors: green for Bullish and red for Bearish gaps.
When an FVG is "touched" by the price (i.e., mitigated), the color changes:
Yellow-green for mitigated Bullish FVGs.
Purple for mitigated Bearish FVGs.
Handling Mitigated FVGs:
When an FVG is touched by the price, it is visually updated with a different color.
An option can be enabled to "shrink" the mitigated zone, adjusting the box to reflect the remaining untested portion of the gap.
Customization:
Configure the maximum number of FVGs to display on the chart.
Set specific colors for mitigated and unmitigated FVGs.
Choose whether to automatically shrink mitigated zones.
How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels
Support:
Bullish FVGs represent potential support levels, as they indicate areas where the price might return to seek liquidity or fill the imbalance.
An FVG that is repeatedly touched without being fully filled becomes a significant support zone.
Resistance:
Bearish FVGs represent potential resistance levels, indicating zones where the price might stall or reverse direction.
Why a Repeatedly Mitigated FVG is Significant
When an FVG is touched or mitigated multiple times, it means the market recognizes that area as significant. This can happen for several reasons:
Accumulation or Distribution: Institutional traders may use these zones to accumulate or distribute positions without causing excessive market movement.
Presence of Liquidity: FVGs often represent areas with pending orders (stop-losses, limit orders), and the price revisits these zones to seek liquidity.
Market Equilibrium: When an FVG is repeatedly filled, it indicates the market's attempt to balance a demand-supply imbalance. This makes the zone an important level to monitor for potential breakouts or reversals.
Fairvaluearea
Fair value bands / quantifytools— Overview
Fair value bands, like other band tools, depict dynamic points in price where price behaviour is normal or abnormal, i.e. trading at/around mean (price at fair value) or deviating from mean (price outside fair value). Unlike constantly readjusting standard deviation based bands, fair value bands are designed to be smooth and constant, based on typical historical deviations. The script calculates pivots that take place above/below fair value basis and forms median deviation bands based on this information. These points are then multiplied up to 3, representing more extreme deviations.
By default, the script uses OHLC4 and SMA 20 as basis for the bands. Users can form their preferred fair value basis using following options:
Price source
- Standard OHLC values
- HL2 (High + low / 2)
- OHLC4 (Open + high + low + close / 4)
- HLC3 (High + low + close / 3)
- HLCC4 (High + low + close + close / 4)
Smoothing
- SMA
- EMA
- HMA
- RMA
- WMA
- VWMA
- Median
Once fair value basis is established, some additional customization options can be employed:
Trend mode
Direction based
Cross based
Trend modes affect fair value basis color that indicates trend direction. Direction based trend considers only the direction of the defined fair value basis, i.e. pointing up is considered an uptrend, vice versa for downtrend. Cross based trends activate when selected source (same options as price source) crosses fair value basis. These sources can be set individually for uptrend/downtrend cross conditions. By default, the script uses cross based trend mode with low and high as sources.
Cross based (downtrend not triggered) vs. direction based (downtrend triggered):
Threshold band
Threshold band is calculated using typical deviations when price is trading at fair value basis. In other words, a little bit of "wiggle room" is added around the mean based on expected deviation. This feature is useful for cross based trends, as it allows filtering insignificant crosses that are more likely just noise. By default, threshold band is calculated based on 1x median deviation from mean. Users can increase/decrease threshold band width via input menu for more/less noise filtering, e.g. 2x threshold band width would require price to cross wiggle room that is 2x wider than typical, 0x erases threshold band altogether.
Deviation bands
Width of deviation bands by default is based on 1x median deviations and can be increased/decreased in a similar manner to threshold bands.
Each combination of customization options produces varying behaviour in the bands. To measure the behaviour and finding fairest representation of fair and unfair value, some data is gathered.
— Fair value metrics
Space between each band is considered a lot, named +3, +2, +1, -1, -2, -3. For each lot, time spent and volume relative to volume moving average (SMA 20) is recorded each time price is trading in a given lot:
Depending on the asset, timeframe and chosen fair value basis, shape of the distributions vary. However, practically always time is distributed in a normal bell curve shape, being highest at lots +1 to -1, gradually decreasing the further price is from the mean. This is hardly surprising, but it allows accurately determining dynamic areas of normal and abnormal price behaviour (i.e. low risk area between +1 and -1, high risk area between +-2 to +-3). Volume on the other hand is typically distributed the other way around, being lowest at lots +1 to -1 and highest at +-2 to +-3. When time and volume are distributed like so, we can conclude that 1) price being outside fair value is a rare event and 2) the more price is outside fair value, the more anomaly behaviour in volume we tend to find.
Viewing metric calculations
Metric calculation highlights can be enabled from the input menu, resulting in a lot based coloring and visibility of each lot counter (time, cumulative relative volume and average relative volume) in data window:
— Alerts
Available alerts are the following:
Individual
- High crossing deviation band (bands +1 to +3 )
- Low crossing deviation band (bands -1 to -3 )
- Low at threshold band in an uptrend
- High at threshold band in a downtrend
- New uptrend
- New downtrend
Grouped
- New uptrend or downtrend
- Deviation band cross (+1 or -1)
- Deviation band cross (+2 or -2)
- Deviation band cross (+3 or -3)
— Practical guide
Example #1 : Risk on/risk off trend following
Ideal trend stays inside fair value and provides sufficient cool offs between the moves. When this is the case, fair value bands can be used for sensible entry/exit levels within the trend.
Example #2 : Mean reversions
When price shows exuberance into an extreme deviation, followed by a stall and signs of exhaustion (wicks), an opportunity for mean reversion emerges. The higher the deviation, the more volatility in the move, the more signalling of exhaustion, the better.
Example #3 : Tweaking bands for desired behaviour
The faster the length of fair value basis, the more momentum price needs to hit extreme deviation levels, as bands too are moving faster alongside price. Decreasing fair value basis length typically leads to more quick and aggressive deviations and less steady trends outside fair value.
